All manner of countries reserve some fraction of public offices for women. Most I've heard of are fractions of legislatures, not districts by district.
What's the mechanism to reserve a fraction of the legislature? Is the only difference that the designated seats are at-large and permanent?
Mostly in party list systems I think.
I don't know what at-large means. In a party lis system you don't vote for a candidate, you vote for a party. The party has a list of candidates, produced by some other process. People on the list are matched to public offices based on the election result. So the top of the winning party's list might become president, for instance, the top of the runer-up party opposition leader in parliament.
I assume there are many other permutations, but I'll leave the math to professionals.
That makes sense. So the parties install people according to a certain percentage of the seats.
An at-large election is one in which the region is not subdivided into smaller regions. Everyone votes for the same elections, regardless of where they live. Thus if there's a high degree of racially polarized voting, the majority candidates will always win. The traditional remedy (but not the best remedy) is single-member districts, where you carve up your region into smaller geographic regions, which each elect one representative into the governing body.
Yes, the mechanism is that a party when filing submits a long self-ordered list of its aspiring legislators, say 100; based on its vote count the party gets to fill a certain number of seats, say 20; but the original 100 candidates had to include at least 40 women, and the top 20 candidates would have to include at least 8 women.
France has had such a system for decades a while but enforcement was light (parties could opt to pay a fine); they're still only at 39% in the assembly, despite the 49% quota, and that 39% is an upswing.
California has a law that was designed to make it easier for advocates to sue cities to convert from at-large to district elections, but it had a slow effect after almost two decades as only bigger cities with more people of color tend to get targeted. Now as Democrats take over more suburban local governments, we're seeing faster change.
Why do men in India not care about drinking water?
9: Presumably for the same reason that men in the U.S. don't care. They drink beer.
10. Many men in India don't in fact drink beer. Maybe they drink tea and think boiling the water will remove the toxic shit.
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Anyone here know how The Big Sick was received among South Asian - Americans?
(I thought it was super charming. But I'm too white for my current purposes.)
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Breweries in India are earning hindutva points by giving there waste malted barley to cows.
As long as Australians don't get their hands on it.
An entire national identity founded on the abuse and underepresentation of cows.
16: They've made significant progress on the bovines-in-government issue.
12 - Dunno first hand. Saw a couple essays by South Asian-Am women complaining that he ended up with the white woman and not one of South Asian-Am women.
12: Well, he's not exactly South Asian-American, but close enough from a white-American perspective.
Ogged liked it. http://www.unfogged.com/archives/week_2017_07_23.html#016115
Dunno first hand. Saw a couple essays by South Asian-Am women complaining that he ended up with the white woman and not one of South Asian-Am women.
Seems a bit unfair given that's what in fact happened.
20: Can't they criticize his real-life choices?
Dude. So racist. Best barber I ever had was Pakistani. I just couldn't get him to stop doing the head massage thing.
On the topic of racism
Congratulations to Arthur Laffer for getting the Presidential Medal of Freedom today. He has come a long way since he asked me, right before we went on TV, whether "the Indians" still brush their teeth with twigs.
That was last month
https://twitter.com/AnandWrites/status/1141354663620616193
Once you go tree, you'll never Oral-B.
Arthur Laffer, who provided the ideological justification for so much conservative governance. Which consisted entirely of misapplying Rolle's Theorem.
24: the answer is yes, they still do, at least in the countryside, and it's effective at reducing plaque. I have also learned that there is a dental group in London called Neem Tree Dental.