I remember years ago being confused by a little girl on a train in Greece. She drew a picture of me, so I offered her some of my snack. She was gesturing no with some kind of thing that looked like a nod while she rolled her eyes back into her head. I didn't figure it out until later.
1: yes, you get that in Turkey as well (because they're basically the same country).
Greece had too many drunk Brazilian people.
And its diving guides are too young.
On my last trip there I was slightly unsettled when chatting to the Dutch dive leader between dives, and she mentioned that her ambition was to get an advanced divemaster qualification, can't remember which one, but she'd have to wait until next summer because for that particular certification there was a minimum age of 18. I don't think it's excessively middle-aged of me to want my dives to be planned by someone who is unambiguously a legal adult.
The "surprise" guy really nailed his expression.
1, 2: I still don't get it. I assume she wanted money, but I can imagine half a dozen ways to convey that message that are clearer than "gesturing no with some kind of thing that looked like a nod while she rolled her eyes back into her head," even with a language barrier. I guess there could have been something untoward about it, but I don't see why that would start with drawing a picture.
6: I was curious so I looked up online guides, and they converged on basically that jerking your head up once, rather than waggling it up and down, is the fairly standard equivalent of shaking your head for "no". So I assume the rest in this case was personal elaboration, not strictly necessary though perhaps evoking something more complex.
I don't think she wanted money. She was like five and sitting next to her mom. The train was delayed and I think she was just keeping occupied.
The train was one where you sat facing other people.
Darwin's last book was about facial expression of emotion, I keep meaning to return to it, I skimmed it decades ago.
Comparative work in biology is always interesting when it's done well, but I don't know that it's attractive to funders/program officers without a molecular basis, which this doesn't have yet. But there are people working on it, this looks pretty interesting and has fulltext:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40125317/
a nod while she rolled her eyes back into her head.
Wait, what does this mean?!
I read the rest of the thread by now and see my question was answered.
I have a friend* who specialises in cross-cultural comparative psycholinguistics stuff, specialising in smells in particular. Her research always sounds fascinating.
* we were undergraduates together and have been friends for over 30 years.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fuPsNAXi1W8
re: 14
Oh wow, I didn't notice at first that the last author on the study in 10 is Temple Grandin.
I like how many hyphenated authors there are.