Re: Judge Goog

1

I also get a lot of pictures of breasts (male and female) when I google "Ogged."


Posted by: SP | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 9:54 AM
horizontal rule
2

"Shrill" is much more ambiguous by this measure than I would have guessed.


Posted by: Knecht Ruprecht | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 9:55 AM
horizontal rule
3

2: From the first page of hits.


Posted by: apostropher | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 9:57 AM
horizontal rule
4

I decided to test this using "monster," since Dana Goldstein had said that this was a gender-coded word back during the Samantha Power flap. I figured I would see hits for the film Monster, skewing the results. Instead I got lots of pictures of cartoon monsters, a couple hits for monster cock, and this gem. The system works, Ogged.


Posted by: Armsmasher | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 9:57 AM
horizontal rule
5

you get more pictures of breasts if you search for "perky" than if you search for "breasts"

Ummm, no you don't.


Posted by: DS | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 9:58 AM
horizontal rule
6

Ummm, no you don't.

Turn the safe search off.


Posted by: gswift | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 9:59 AM
horizontal rule
7

... aaand still not true.


Posted by: DS | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 10:03 AM
horizontal rule
8

For that matter, "authentic" and "tough" are not clearly gendered masculine, either.

"Maverick", on the other hand...


Posted by: Knecht Ruprecht | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 10:04 AM
horizontal rule
9

... aaand still not true.

There seems to be quite a bit of variation in people's results for google image searches. Every single first page picture is of breasts when I google "perky" but a couple are of other things when I google "breasts." I have no idea what they're hiding from you in Canada.


Posted by: ogged | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 10:05 AM
horizontal rule
10

ogged: do you have igoogle set up to customize searches for you? Perhaps it just knows what you like.


Posted by: rob helpy-chalk | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 10:07 AM
horizontal rule
11

I don't think that demonstrating that "perky" is a common modifier of "breasts" is precisely congruent to demonstrating that "perky" is a gendered term when applied to an individual. It is a feminine-slanted trait (though not as intensely gendered as some) but the plethora of sagless tits aren't really a sign of that fact.


Posted by: redfoxtailshrub | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 10:07 AM
horizontal rule
12

I have results similar to DS's, but I'm not turning off safe search while using a classroom computer while studens are taking a test.


Posted by: rob helpy-chalk | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 10:08 AM
horizontal rule
13

I get wall-to-wall breasts under "perky" for two and a half pages, followed by various cute animals and assorted other stuff. "Breasts" provides wall-to-wall breasts for god knows how long.

Hmmm, is "vapid" gendered or not? Maybe m. leblanc was right...


Posted by: DS | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 10:09 AM
horizontal rule
14

google trends allows geographic breakout of trends, so cities that prefer "tits" to "ass" and vice versa are identifiable.


Posted by: lw | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 10:11 AM
horizontal rule
15

At work so I can't check, but could somebody go ahead and check "bisection"?


Posted by: Beefo Meaty | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 10:11 AM
horizontal rule
16

I didn't know for sure that this happened for image search, but the results of a general Google search are affected by your search history (as defined by the google cookie), what google server you're nearest, and sometimes even your browser user agent string (true!).


Posted by: Tom | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 10:12 AM
horizontal rule
17

I was just talking about the first page of results, DS.


Posted by: ogged | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 10:12 AM
horizontal rule
18

At work so I can't check, but could somebody go ahead and check "cunt"?


Posted by: dsquared | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 10:16 AM
horizontal rule
19

Well, with SafeSearch off, I'd expect the first page of anything with a remotely sexual connotation to be porn.

Sifu, "bisection" just brings up a lot of graphs. Nothing else. Anyone who wants to search "bisection," nothing noteworthy there at all.


Posted by: DS | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 10:16 AM
horizontal rule
20

Why can't you search for bisection at work Sifu? Are you all strictly Householders?


Posted by: TJ | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 10:18 AM
horizontal rule
21

18: Pretty much what you'd expect, plus some pretty funny stuff.

Interestingly enough, "dsquared" brings up mostly this sort of thing.


Posted by: DS | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 10:21 AM
horizontal rule
22

You have to go several pages deep to find a black face for "articulate"

"international financiers" turns up fewer overtly anti-semitic images than I would have expected


Posted by: felix | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 10:26 AM
horizontal rule
23

22: Try "rootless cosmopolitans."


Posted by: Flippanter | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 10:34 AM
horizontal rule
24

In playing around with google image search, I'm pretty sure I've discovered the next Thomas Kinkaid.

Except instead of adorable, cozy stone cottages, his metier is Jesus* and repressed incestuous desire--which puts him in a position to address a vastly larger potential market. Get in on the ground floor while you still can. Limited edition prints are still available.

*The anachronism in this depiction of Jesus is, I like to think, a tribute to Hans Holbein the Elder. Or perhaps to Thomas Kinkaid.


Posted by: Knecht Ruprecht | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 10:38 AM
horizontal rule
25

ha!

The first image for "rootless cosmopolitans" that isn't the cover for a Mar/c Rib/ot album of that name is Brad DeLong.

telling, very telling


Posted by: felix | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 10:38 AM
horizontal rule
26

images returned for "безродный космополит" the origin of rootless cosmopolitan, are not especially antisemetic.
I was surprised, but shouldn't be because it's archaic.

Huh, Жид, which is pretty much a slur as a noun in ordinary speech, gets transliterated by google as well as being searched literally. Returned images aren't too densely antisemitic.


Posted by: lw | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 10:49 AM
horizontal rule
27

24: Have you seen the murals commissioned by Ted Haggard for his church? I think it was Tom of Finland's Jesus series.


Posted by: oudemia | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 10:52 AM
horizontal rule
28

Try "rootless cosmopolitans."

Oddly enough, the first photograph of a human under a search for "bloodsucking parasites" was this one.

I'm beginning to doubt whether the results of this technique are dispositive.


Posted by: Knecht Ruprecht | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 10:55 AM
horizontal rule
29

I'm beginning to doubt whether the results of this technique are dispositive.

That's just crazy talk.


Posted by: Flippanter | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 10:58 AM
horizontal rule
30

Dude, you're just saying that because you don't know her as a person.


Posted by: lw | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 10:58 AM
horizontal rule
31

24: Lisa Yuskavage shares your sense of irony, I think.


Posted by: Armsmasher | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 10:59 AM
horizontal rule
32

29: First page of "crazy talk" is overwhelmingly female faces, with one koala of indeterminate gender

you sexist bastard


Posted by: felix | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 11:02 AM
horizontal rule
33

11: I don't think that demonstrating that "perky" is a common modifier of "breasts" is precisely congruent to demonstrating that "perky" is a gendered term when applied to an individual.

True; and most of us know quite well already what the connotations of most words are. It strikes me, though, that far from Google image results reflecting the mainstream sense of terms, given the overabundance of sex-related images on the net, the results are going to sexify pretty much anything that can be sexified (which will probably reflect back into the mainstream sense of things, such that if you're not putting a sexual slant on this or that now, folks, you will be).


Posted by: parsimon | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 11:11 AM
horizontal rule
34

Here you go, Knecht, 'smasher -- don't say I never did anything for you.


Posted by: oudemia | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 11:11 AM
horizontal rule
35

34: HOTT!


Posted by: A White Bear | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 11:13 AM
horizontal rule
36

That used to be up on the walls at my parents' house.


Posted by: Armsmasher | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 11:16 AM
horizontal rule
37

i use google sometimes to see grammar use
if i'm not sure what is correct for example 'on-at-in the blog', the prepositions are difficult, or to check just some random expression
useful so far
eb, lw are Russians? what i noticed about Russians in America, they are not that open and mostly keep to themselves or do not like to talk in Russian, no? i mean it may be of course just people i met
this site surprisingly cites a lot of things Russian


Posted by: read | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 11:19 AM
horizontal rule
38

given the overabundance of sex-related images on the net

You are norming the wrong way, Parsimon. Whenever there is a discrepancy between patterns on the net and patterns in the world, it is the world that is behaving wrong.

Thus you should speak of the underpopulation of sex-related images in the real world.


Posted by: rob helpy-chalk | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 11:21 AM
horizontal rule
39

33:
"donut": topless shot on 3rd page of results, but mostly donuts!

"taco": Britney Spears getting out of a car in a short skirt on page 2.

"sushi": naked woman on each of the first three pages, but strategically covered by... sushi. On the 14th page, you get a girl flashing her breasts outside a sushi restaurant.

"tubesteak": Duh.

"Love Canal": Surprisingly, no porn until page 3.


Posted by: apostropher | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 11:23 AM
horizontal rule
40

i mean i just recognise now more people here
what i can tell for sure is there are not many asians on unfogged
except may be BelleLettre and me


Posted by: read | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 11:24 AM
horizontal rule
41

"donut": topless shot on 3rd page of results, but mostly donuts!

people have their priorities.


Posted by: rob helpy-chalk | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 11:25 AM
horizontal rule
42

except may be BelleLettre and me

And eb.


Posted by: apostropher | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 11:26 AM
horizontal rule
43

"Love Canal": Surprisingly, no porn until page 3.

I'm surprised that this wasn't used as a smear against Gore in 2000.


Posted by: snarkout | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 11:27 AM
horizontal rule
44

Results for hoohoo are surprisingly work-safe.


Posted by: apostropher | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 11:28 AM
horizontal rule
45

"smear": very heavily gendered indeed


Posted by: felix | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 11:29 AM
horizontal rule
46

With moderate safe search on, the "perky" search gives me no breasts and many pets for the first few pages. On the first page, however, is this. A counterexample?


Posted by: Jesus McQueen | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 11:29 AM
horizontal rule
47

39: "bacon"?


Posted by: Beefo Meaty | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 11:30 AM
horizontal rule
48

I know Russian (not as well as I used to, but can read it with a dictionary/grammar reference). I am not Asian enough for some, too Asian for others.


Posted by: eb | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 11:30 AM
horizontal rule
49

I am not Asian enough for some, too Asian for others.

Drives normally, but still beat out the white kids for scholarships?


Posted by: apostropher | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 11:33 AM
horizontal rule
50

Big dick but inscrutable?


Posted by: Beefo Meaty | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 11:34 AM
horizontal rule
51

eb is Asian? i thought he is Russian
there are pretty many British people of all nationalities :) Scots including and one Dutch, right?
and Canadians, Persians of course and that's all?
not exactly the UN i see


Posted by: read | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 11:34 AM
horizontal rule
52

what i can tell for sure is there are not many asians on unfogged

You know, I wonder that anyone can feel certainty about this sort of thing. Upbringing I can see, but genetics? Maybe that's what you meant.


Posted by: soup biscuit | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 11:36 AM
horizontal rule
53

Only nine image results for hoohole, but one of them is Lindsay Beyerstein.


Posted by: apostropher | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 11:36 AM
horizontal rule
54

24: Hey! Jesus and I have the same globe! Rock on, Jesus.


Posted by: JRoth | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 11:37 AM
horizontal rule
55

not exactly the UN i see

That would be the blog run by UN and Fogged.


Posted by: eb | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 11:37 AM
horizontal rule
56

Big dick but inscrutable?

Big scrote but undickable?


Posted by: apostropher | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 11:37 AM
horizontal rule
57

This is becoming undignified.


Posted by: Secretary General of the UN(fogged) | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 11:38 AM
horizontal rule
58

Big crouton but disckstable?


Posted by: Beefo Meaty | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 11:39 AM
horizontal rule
59

I wonder that anyone can feel certainty about this sort of thing.

There have been threads about the blinding whiteness of many regular commenters. But I don't think you can tell that easily for infrequent commenters and obviously not for lurkers.


Posted by: eb | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 11:40 AM
horizontal rule
60

The lurkers support me in melanin.


Posted by: Beefo Meaty | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 11:41 AM
horizontal rule
61

not genetics, but self-expression may be
this whiteness thing aside
how can you tell upbringing, you can't see one's manners or anything other than that revealing upbringing, if only english grammar of course


Posted by: read | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 11:42 AM
horizontal rule
62

59: yeah, i was meaning the general population, not the regulars. I wonder if the regulars aren't very roughly proportionate to larger population, normalizing for socio-economics.


Posted by: soup biscuit | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 11:42 AM
horizontal rule
63

There's just something . . . inscrutable about the lurkers, if you know what I mean.


Posted by: felix | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 11:42 AM
horizontal rule
64

As an infrequent commenter and sometime lurker, I will offer that I am blindingly white. My friends have a running joke that I might spontaneously burst into flames on the beach without an umbrella.


Posted by: pasdquoi | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 11:44 AM
horizontal rule
65

albinos?


Posted by: read | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 11:46 AM
horizontal rule
66

One of the hits on the first page for "perky" is at a site called "st/llbornbaby.com"

Yuck.


Posted by: JRoth | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 11:46 AM
horizontal rule
67

I wonder if the regulars aren't very roughly proportionate to larger population, normalizing for socio-economics.

Depends what larger population you're talking about, I'd say. The world population, probably not.


Posted by: teofilo | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 11:48 AM
horizontal rule
68

4: Previously done in the comments of the thread in which ogged first proposed this, and all evidence shows that the word is bragging or racist or both. Or neutral. (Or so I argued.)

I don't think that demonstrating that "perky" is a common modifier of "breasts" is precisely congruent to demonstrating that "perky" is a gendered term when applied to an individual.

That might well be true, but the problem being addressed (or so it seems to me) is the difficulty in characterizing the nature of the use of a word when applied to an individual. Judge-goog gives you an easier argument to decide, and should be in the same neighborhood as the application of the word to the individual. Again, or so it seems to me.

I continue to think it's genius.


Posted by: SomeCallMeTim | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 11:50 AM
horizontal rule
69

67: no, not the the world population, which is why I said normalizing for socio-economics.

it's almost tautological though. I'm nearly saying that unfogged is exactly the sort of place you would hang out, if you were the sort of person who likes unfogged.



Posted by: soup biscuit | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 11:51 AM
horizontal rule
70

I might spontaneously burst into flames on the beach without an umbrella.

I had Jamaicans mock me the last time I visited there, asking whether I hid from the sun the rest of the year.


Posted by: apostropher | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 11:51 AM
horizontal rule
71

I'm not Russian, I just read the language.


Posted by: lw | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 11:52 AM
horizontal rule
72

70: just wait 'till you see the Jamaicans in Chicago or Toronto or the like in the middle of January. Then we'll see who is laughing!


Posted by: soup biscuit | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 11:52 AM
horizontal rule
73

Jamaican bobsled?


Posted by: Tassled Loafered Leech | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 11:54 AM
horizontal rule
74

"Welcome to Jamaica! Be sure to wear sunscreen as it is quite a warm day"


Posted by: Beefo Meaty | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 11:55 AM
horizontal rule
75

I met a Jamaican guy in Toronto who had immigrated there mid-winter, having never seen snow before. This was five years or so later and he'd nearly recovered from the shock, I think.


Posted by: soup biscuit | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 11:57 AM
horizontal rule
76

I think that "girthy" and "juicy" are pretty close M/F epithets.


Posted by: John Emerson | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 11:58 AM
horizontal rule
77

"brick shithouse"? Anyone?


Posted by: Beefo Meaty | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 12:02 PM
horizontal rule
78

There's just something . . . inscrutable about the lurkers, if you know what I mean.

I've got nothing against them, personally, but you can't change how other people feel, and frankly I'm concerned about the property values around this blog. And statistics show that when they start to become a significant part of the the blog population, grammatical errors go up and the quality of the threads declines. I'm not saying it's because of the way they are, I'm just saying, you know?

Psst, did you know that heebie-geebie showed up at unfoggeDCon II with a lurker? A real, big, strapping, one, too. It's funny, because she's plenty good-looking enough to find a commenter to go out with.


Posted by: Knecht Ruprecht | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 12:03 PM
horizontal rule
79

It's so hard to convince women that "built like a brick shithouse" is a compliment.


Posted by: John Emerson | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 12:12 PM
horizontal rule
80

79: well, rightfully so. Why is it a compliment?


Posted by: Beefo Meaty | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 12:15 PM
horizontal rule
81

Minnesota has a very large Somali population. Winnipeg has a considerable Filipino population. Someone should collect oral histories. Many of the pioneer Filipino immigrants are still alive (the migration started in the 60s).

And Winnipeg is still the coldest big city outside Siberia and Mongolia. There's some competition from other Canadian cities, depending on whether you go by mean annual temperature, coldest winter temperature ever, or mean January temperature.


Posted by: John Emerson | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 12:16 PM
horizontal rule
82

You have no romance in your soul, Tweety.


Posted by: John Emerson | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 12:16 PM
horizontal rule
83

Why is it a compliment?

Because it means extravagantly well put together.


81: There are some pockets in far further north, too. Fort St. John had Somali families, iirc. Toronto has a little bit of everywhere though, being the most ethnically diverse city on the continent


Posted by: soup biscuit | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 12:19 PM
horizontal rule
84

Toronto has a little bit of everywhere though, being the most ethnically diverse city on the continent

Really? More than New York or LA? I don't doubt it, but I'm a little surprised.


Posted by: teofilo | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 12:20 PM
horizontal rule
85

they start to become a..part of the the blog population, grammatical errors go up and the quality of the threads declines.
ah so? i think i'll remain a lurker then to not mess with quality of your threads


Posted by: read | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 12:21 PM
horizontal rule
86

I have heard two etymologies for "brick shithouse." One says that you call a woman that because she is stacked, and, you know, you stack bricks. This etymology can also describe the cleaned up phrase "brick house."

The other etymology I've heard points out that it is really silly to make an outhouse from bricks. You have put too fine a material into something that will just have to be abandoned when it gets to funky anyway. This root of the phrase makes it less complimentary to women.


Posted by: rob helpy-chalk | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 12:21 PM
horizontal rule
87

*too* funky.


Posted by: rob helpy-chalk | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 12:22 PM
horizontal rule
88

84: Yes, really. There are more than 100 active languages there, for one example. 70,000 or so immigrants a year, iirc, from basically everywhere.

85: read, tell me you realized that was a joke. i've probably just been trolled.


Posted by: soup biscuit | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 12:23 PM
horizontal rule
89

soup's "extravagantly well put together" takes the insult out of the second meaning of the phrase "brick shithouse"


Posted by: rob helpy-chalk | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 12:23 PM
horizontal rule
90

From The Straight Dope:

The guy who first used "built like a brick shithouse" to describe a woman with a nice figure wasn't thickheaded, just a smart-ass. From the Random House Historical Dictionary of American Slang we learn that: (a) the phrase and its euphemistic variants date back at least to 1903; (b) said variants replace "shithouse" with switch shanty, schoolhouse, slaughterhouse, or backhouse, among others; and (c) all were originally--and more sensibly--applied to men of solid or powerful build. When said of women, one 1938 source notes, the phrase usually meant a "heavy, cloddish, sexually unappetizing female." But even in the 1930s a few wiseguys were applying it to attractive women, and in the U.S. that usage has now supplanted all others.

But not everywhere. In Australia and the UK, at least, "built like a brick shithouse" still most commonly refers to well-built men.


Posted by: apostropher | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 12:24 PM
horizontal rule
91

"A non-native speaker, Penelope Cruz did not realize that the phrase was a compliment, and this particular romance, alas, was not to be.


Posted by: John Emerson | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 12:25 PM
horizontal rule
92

78: The lurkers will know what I mean when I demand that they concede the following people are niggers:

ip address 213.86.83.116
ip address 202.74.12.1
ip address 208.201.16.22
Louis Farrakhan

Otherwise, the lurkers may give life to the suspicion that they are, and have long been, a fifth column -- unanimously hating the very blog that has afforded the highest standard of living ever achieved by lurkers in human history.


Posted by: felix | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 12:26 PM
horizontal rule
93

Actually I meant Salma Hayek. (Racist. )

Not the economist her father was, but less implicated in fascism.


Posted by: John Emerson | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 12:26 PM
horizontal rule
94

90: Huh, I've never heard it used to describe a woman before. I always heard it and used it to describe really solid, overbuilt guys just like the phrase seems to inherently suggest.


Posted by: Po-Mo Polymath | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 12:42 PM
horizontal rule
95

78 is funny.


Posted by: DS | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 12:57 PM
horizontal rule
96

I'm sure I've bragged before that my lovely wife is on the first page of hits in a Google image search for "hot ass"? She used to be number one or two, but Jessica Alba knocked her down a few places.


Posted by: mrh | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 2:19 PM
horizontal rule
97

That's awesome, mrh. If she is in danger of slipping off the first page, you should launch an appeal to the Mineshaft to gin up some linkage and help her page rank.


Posted by: Knecht Ruprecht | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 2:23 PM
horizontal rule
98

Big crouton but disckstable?

eb is dickstable for up to 20 asspoundings/fortnight; more than that, and irreversible damage to his integrity may occur.


Posted by: ben w-lfs-n | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 2:55 PM
horizontal rule
99

96: not with safesearch off, she sure isn't.

Unless the character of your boast is rather different from what I suspect clean-cut you might mean.


Posted by: ben w-lfs-n | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 2:58 PM
horizontal rule
100

eb is dickstable for up to 20 asspoundings/fortnight; more than that, and irreversible damage to his integrity may occur

These specifications assume compliance with all standard tolerances and operating procedures, including without limitation:
- a cycle-to-hour ratio of no less than 3 and no more than 15
- A maximum operating speed of 120 reciprocations per minute, and an 85th percentile operating speed of no more than 60 reciprocations per minute
- visual inspection at 72 hour intervals and non-destructive testing at 90 day intervals
- strict adherence to recommended lubrication guidelines
- exclusive use of manufacturer-approved standard parts


Posted by: Knecht Ruprecht | Link to this comment | 04- 4-08 3:16 PM
horizontal rule
101

not with safesearch off, she sure isn't.

So true. Down to #25 when you include teh pr0n. I think we're OK with that.


Posted by: mrh | Link to this comment | 04- 5-08 9:46 AM
horizontal rule